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Cause and Effect Diagram (Fishbone, Ishikawa Chart/Diagram)
Categorizes causes of quality issues into related and logical categories
or groups. The cause and effect diagram shows the flow and relationship
between causes of quality problems and the effects of those causes on the
quality.
Control Charts
Charts used for tracking and monitoring process performances. Control
Charts help quality experts visually identify process issues and measure
quality performances.
Scatter Diagram
Facilitates users to visually identify relationships between two
variables. Each axes represents one variable. It is very easy to develop
the diagram and use it for analysis.
Histogram
Graph used for representing frequency distribution. It shows how often
data occur in each of the assigned categories. Categories are assigned by
the user depending on the purpose of the analysis. Based on the data and
information requirement categories might be changed and adjusted by the
user.
Pareto
Graph similar to Histogram. It ranks categories based on frequency
distribution and shows the cumulative percentage for each category. Pareto
analysis looks for the most important issues based on the 80:20 rule.
Check Sheet
Form developed for gathering and analyzing data. Check Sheets are
developed based on the purpose of the analysis and the data required.
Survey
Developing survey questionnaire and gathering data from the target
audience. Generally used for gathering data from customers, employees, and
suppliers on their opinion, perception, and behavior about issues of
interest such as product quality and customer satisfaction.
Affinity Diagram
Diagram for organizing similar issues/activities into related and logical
categories. Affinity diagram shows the groups of ideas and their
relationship and interdependence. Generally this diagram is a result of
brainstorming session.
Gantt Chart
Generally used for project management. It shows the project
steps/tasks/activities, their order of implementation, timing, and helps
users identify critical stages for successful project management.
PDCA
PDCA is a general methodology or framework for continuous problem solving
process: Plan, Do, Check, Act. It is used in quality management as a
foundation of the overall quality management approach in the organization.
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