Research is the driving force that has propelled M. D. Anderson Cancer Center to its international reputation for scientific excellence and outstanding cancer care. Today, people everywhere benefit from research-based discoveries made at M. D. Anderson over the past 60 years. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center was created in 1941 and is one of the largest cancer centers in the world. Since 1944, nearly 800,000 patients have turned to M. D. Anderson for cancer care in the form of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or combinations of these and other treatments. In 2008, M. D. Anderson provided cancer care for 89,110 patients. In 2008, the institution invested more than $488 million in research. More than 1,000 clinical residents and fellows come to M. D. Anderson each year to receive specialized training in the investigation and treatment of cancer. Thousands more participate in continuing education and distance learning opportunities sponsored by M. D. Anderson, sharing knowledge around the globe.